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Formulation Card

FC-6.3

Delicate Fabric Liquid

Ingredients

Raw Material% w/w (as received)FunctionNotes
Deionised water67.80SolventTo 100%
APG (C12–C14, 50%)12.00Primary surfactantMild; renewable; >98% biodegradable
SLES 70%6.00Co-surfactantReduced level for mildness
CAPB 30%5.00Co-surfactantViscosity; foam quality
Sodium citrate3.00Mild builderNeutral pH compatible
Propylene glycol (MPG)3.00Hydrotrope
HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose)0.80ThickenerNonionic; salt-tolerant; clear films
Sodium chloride (NaCl)0.80ThickenerFine adjustment
Glycerin (glycerol)2.00Fiber conditionerHumectant; hand-feel
Lanolin derivative (PEG-75)0.50Fiber conditioningWool lipid replacement
Optical brightener (CBS-X, 20% slurry)0.10BrighteningReduced for delicates
Fragrance (gentle floral)0.40AestheticHypoallergenic grade
Colourant0.01Aesthetic
Preservative (sodium benzoate + potassium sorbate)0.60PreservationpH <8 effective; food-grade
Citric acid (50% solution)q.s.pH adjustmentTarget pH 6.8–7.2
Total100.00

Addition Order & Process

Addition Order & Process: 1. Charge 75% of deionised water into main vessel. Heat to 35 °C; agitate at 250 rpm. 2. Add APG 50%. Mix 15 minutes until fully dissolved and clear. 3. Add SLES 70% and CAPB 30%. Mix 10 minutes. 4. Add propylene glycol and glycerin. Mix 5 minutes. 5. Add sodium citrate (dissolved). Mix 5 minutes. 6. Disperse HEC by sprinkling slowly into vortex; mix 20 minutes for full hydration. 7. Add sodium chloride. Mix 10 minutes. Check viscosity (target: 600–1,200 cP). 8. Add lanolin derivative (pre-warmed to 30 °C). Mix 10 minutes. 9. Add fragrance, colourant, and preservative. Mix 5 minutes each. 10. Adjust pH to 7.0 ± 0.2 with citric acid. Critical: do not exceed pH 7.5 — protein fiber damage accelerates above this threshold. 11. Deaerate under vacuum if necessary. Addition Order & Process: 1. Charge 55% of deionised water. Heat to 35 °C; agitate at 300 rpm. 2. Add SLES 70%. Mix 15 minutes until dissolved. 3. Add CAPB 30% and AOS 38%. Mix 15 minutes. 4. Add AE-7. Mix 10 minutes. 5. Add sodium citrate (dissolved) and GLDA. Mix 10 minutes. 6. Add propylene glycol, borax, and CaCl₂·2H₂O. Mix 15 minutes. 7. Critical thickening step: Disperse HEC by sprinkling slowly into the vortex of the agitated surfactant solution. Mix at 300 rpm for 20 minutes until fully hydrated. Then add xanthan gum (predispersed in 10× glycerin to prevent clumping). Mix 15 minutes. 8. Add sodium chloride in three portions over 20 minutes. Monitor viscosity after each addition (target: 3,000–8,000 cP). Do not oversalt — viscosity decreases beyond the salt-curve maximum. 9. Cool to 25 °C. Add protease; mix 5 minutes, then α-amylase; mix 5 minutes. 10. Add remaining additives. Mix 5 minutes each. 11. Adjust pH to 7.8 ± 0.3 with citric acid or dilute NaOH. 12. Deaerate under vacuum for 20 minutes. Gel entraps air; extended deaeration required.

Expected Parameters

Expected Parameters: pH 7.0 ± 0.2; viscosity 600–1,200 cP; active matter 10.0–14.0% w/w; absence of enzymes (verified by activity assay). Shelf life: 24 months at 5–35 °C. Expected Parameters: pH 7.8 ± 0.3; viscosity 3,000–8,000 cP (Brookfield RV, spindle #6, 10 rpm); active matter 25.0–30.0% w/w; density 1.05–1.08 g/cm³. Shelf life: 18 months at 5–35 °C. Dosage: 25–35 g per wash (vs. 50–75 g for medium HDL).

Formulation Notes

Delicate fabrics — wool, silk, cashmere, and fine synthetics — require neutral pH, absence of aggressive enzymes, and mild surfactants that do not strip natural oils or damage protein fiber structure.Standard HDL formulations at pH 8.0–9.5 cause cumulative damage to wool and silk through cystine bond hydrolysis and cuticle lifting. FC-6.3 addresses these constraints with a pH-neutral, enzyme-free, APG-based system.

Formulation Card FC-6.3: Delicate Fabric Liquid Laundry Detergent

APG at 12% (6% active) is the dominant surfactant, providing ISO 16128 natural origin index compliance and the lowest eye and skin irritation scores of any surfactant class in this chapter.The complete absence of enzymes is deliberate: even mild cellulases can cause tensile strength loss in silk (>5% at 5 wash cycles), and proteases hydrolyze wool keratin.HEC replaces CMC as the primary thickener because its nonionic character avoids any electrostatic interaction with potential cationic conditioning agents; it also forms clear, flexible films that contribute to fabric feel. The lanolin derivative at 0.5% replaces wool lipids stripped during washing, reducing felting and preserving fiber elasticity. The preservative system switches from isothiazolinones (sensitization risk) to benzoate/sorbate, acceptable at pH <8.#### 6.2.3 Concentrated Gel (FC-6.4)

Concentrated gel detergents deliver maximum active matter in a viscous, structured format that adheres to fabric during pre-treatment and enables small-dose dispensing (25–35 g per wash). The defining characteristic is very high viscosity (3,000–8,000 cP) achieved through polymer thickening rather than salt-curve alone.

Formulation Card FC-6.4: Concentrated Gel Laundry Detergent

The concentrated gel format exemplifies the viscosity-building hierarchy: HEC at 2% provides the structural backbone through chain entanglement, xanthan at 0.5% introduces shear-thinning pseudoplasticity (high viscosity at rest for suspension, low viscosity under shear for dispensing), and sodium chloride at 3% optimizes micelle geometry within the salt-curve maximum.The combined thickener system at 2.5% total is necessary because neither salt nor polymer alone achieves the target 3,000–8,000 cP window in a 25%+ active matter system. The dosage reduction to 25–35 g per wash offsets the higher raw material cost per kilogram; the environmental benefit is reduced packaging and transport emissions per wash cycle.