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Formulation Card

FC-6.1-P

Premium Liquid

Ingredients

Raw Material% w/w (as received)FunctionNotes
Deionised water39.55SolventTo 100%
SLES 70%16.00Primary surfactant11.2% active SLES
AOS 38% (C14–C16)10.00Co-surfactantHard-water tolerance; sulfate-free
APG (C12–C14, 50%)6.00Co-surfactantMildness; renewable origin
CAPB 30%5.00Co-surfactantViscosity + foam synergy
Fatty alcohol ethoxylate AE-93.00Nonionic surfactantHigh-temp degreasing; cloud point 72 °C
GLDA (tetrasodium, 38%)3.00Chelating agentBiobased 56%; readily biodegradable
Sodium citrate5.00BuilderAlkalinity + sequestration
Propylene glycol (MPG)5.00Enzyme stabilizer / hydrotrope
Borax (decahydrate)1.00Protease stabilizer
CaCl₂·2H₂O0.10Calcium supplementEnzyme structural Ca²⁺
Sodium chloride (NaCl)1.50ThickenerFine-tune viscosity
CMC (high viscosity)1.00Thickener / anti-redeposition
Liquid protease (≥150 KNU/g)1.00Enzyme
Liquid α-amylase (≥80 KNU/g)0.60Enzyme
Liquid lipase (≥100 KLU/g)0.40EnzymeGrease/oil stain hydrolysis
Liquid cellulase (≥1,000 ECU/g)0.30EnzymeAnti-greying; fabric care
Optical brightener (CBS-X, 20% slurry)0.50Brightening0.10% active CBS-X
Perfume microcapsules (30% active)2.00Fragrance deliveryCore-shell; friction-release
Liquid fragrance (neat)0.50AestheticTop-note freshness
Colourant0.01Aesthetic
Preservative (MIT/BIT blend)0.14Preservation
Citric acid (50% solution)q.s.pH adjustmentTarget pH 7.5–8.0
Total100.00

Addition Order & Process

Addition Order & Process: 1. Charge 60% of deionised water into main vessel. Heat to 30 °C; agitate at 300 rpm. 2. Add SLES 70%. Mix 10 minutes until fully dissolved. 3. Add AOS 38% and APG 50% sequentially. Mix 15 minutes. 4. Add CAPB 30% and AE-9. Mix 10 minutes. 5. Add sodium citrate (dissolved in warm water). Mix 5 minutes. 6. Add GLDA. Mix 5 minutes. 7. Add propylene glycol, borax, and CaCl₂·2H₂O. Mix 15 minutes until fully dissolved. 8. Add CMC (predispersed). Mix 20 minutes. Check initial viscosity. 9. Add sodium chloride in two portions. Mix 15 minutes. Check viscosity (target: 800–2,000 cP). 10. Cool to 25 °C. Add protease; mix 5 minutes. Allow 5-minute complexation with borate/MPG before adding next enzyme. 11. Add α-amylase; mix 5 minutes. Add lipase; mix 5 minutes. Add cellulase; mix 5 minutes. 12. Add CBS-X slurry, colourant, liquid fragrance, and preservative. Mix 5 minutes each. 13. Add perfume microcapsules with gentle mixing (200 rpm, 10 minutes). Avoid high-shear mixing — capsules rupture above 1,000 rpm. 14. Adjust pH to 7.8 ± 0.3 with citric acid. 15. Deaerate under vacuum (–0.05 bar) for 15 minutes.

Expected Parameters

Expected Parameters: pH 7.8 ± 0.3; viscosity 800–2,000 cP; active matter 20.0–25.0% w/w; perfume capsule integrity ≥90% (microscopy, n=3); enzyme activity retention ≥90% after 12 weeks at 30 °C. Shelf life: 24 months at 5–35 °C.

Formulation Notes

The premium tier maximizes cleaning performance, fabric care, and sensorial attributes. FC-6.1-P incorporates AOS for hard-water tolerance, APG for mildness and sustainable positioning, GLDA for chelation, a four-enzyme blend for comprehensive stain coverage, optical brightener at full dosage, and perfume microcapsules for extended fragrance delivery. Active matter at 20–25% positions this formulation in the super-concentrated segment.

Formulation Card FC-6.1-P: Premium Liquid Laundry Detergent

AOS at 10% (3.8% active) provides superior lime soap dispersion power (LSDP 9.5 g/g vs. 4.5 g/g for LAS) and extends hard-water tolerance to >500 mg/L CaCO₃.APG at 6% (3% active) contributes mildness for sensitive-skin positioning and ISO 16128 natural origin index compliance.The four-enzyme system (protease + amylase + lipase + cellulase) covers protein, starch, triglyceride, and cellulose microfibril soils respectively — the most comprehensive enzyme package presented in this chapter. Perfume microcapsules at 2% (0.6% active fragrance oil) deliver friction-triggered release for up to 12 weeks on stored fabric, complementing the 0.5% neat fragrance that provides immediate in-wash and in-bottle freshness.Table 6.1 — Standard Liquid Laundry Detergent Tier Comparison (FC-6.1-E / M / P)

The data in Table 6.1 illustrate three distinct performance-cost trade-offs. At the economical tier, the cost per kilogram is minimized but the dosage per wash is maximized (75–100 g), resulting in only marginal savings per wash cycle versus the medium tier. The medium tier at 165% of the economical cost delivers a 50% reduction in dosage (50–75 g) and a meaningful cleaning improvement through enzyme inclusion and CAPB viscosity synergy, making it the dominant market position. The premium tier at 280% of the economical cost achieves the lowest dosage (35–50 g) and the broadest performance envelope: hard-water tolerance via AOS, mildness via APG, comprehensive enzymatic stain removal, and extended fragrance via microencapsulation. For formulators, the decision between tiers should be driven by target market water hardness, consumer price sensitivity, and retail positioning rather than by raw material cost alone.